1. What is the technology of intervertebral foramen?

　　椎間孔內窺鏡是脊柱內窺鏡的一種。一般來說，配備有光源的管用于從患者身體后面或后面的區域通過小切口進入椎間盤突出部進行手術。手術的主要步驟是用各種精細工具去除突出的病理組織、，去除骨質增生和神經松解。椎間孔內窺鏡手術創傷小、效果好、術后恢復快，是目前國際脊柱外科腰椎間盤突出癥領域公認的、微創技術之一。

　　Intervertebral foramen endoscope is a kind of spinal endoscope. In general, a tube equipped with a light source is used to enter the protrusion of the intervertebral disc through a small incision from the back or a safe area behind the patient's body for surgery. The main procedure of the operation is to remove the protruding pathological tissue, bone hyperplasia and neurolysis with various fine tools. It is recognized as one of the advanced and minimally invasive technologies in the field of international spine surgery to treat lumbar disc herniation.

　　椎間孔鏡技術的創始人是美籍華人安東尼楊，他在1998年發明了同軸內窺鏡，為椎間孔鏡技術奠定了基礎。2002年，德國人托馬斯霍格蘭(Thomas Hoogland)在安東尼楊(Anthony Yeung)的基礎上發明了該系統技術，使椎間孔鏡技術更加成熟。雖然我國學者在椎間孔鏡技術領域起步較晚，但目前已處于世界前列地位。我國學者在國外研究的基礎上發展了椎間孔鏡技術，形成了自己的技術特點。

　　Anthony young, a Chinese American, invented the coaxial endoscope in 1998, which laid the foundation for the technology. In 2002, Thomas HOOLAND, a German, invented the system technology on the basis of Anthony Yeung, which made the technology of intervertebral foramen more mature. Although scholars in our country started late in the field of intervertebral foramen, they are in the forefront of the world. On the basis of foreign research, Chinese scholars have developed the technology of intervertebral foramen and formed their own technical characteristics.

　　2.哪些患者可以進行椎間孔內窺鏡手術？

　　2. Which patients can have endoscopic surgery?

　　總的來說，各種類型的腰椎間盤突出癥、、椎間盤源性腰痛、、腰椎管狹窄癥、、以根癥狀為主要疾病的腰椎滑脫癥都適合椎間孔手術。特別是一些患有多種疾病的老年患者不能進行全身麻醉或開放手術，而可以選擇椎間孔手術。此外，隨著椎間孔器械和技術的進步，椎間孔手術的適應證也在擴大。目前，一些胸椎管狹窄的頸椎病患者也可以嘗試椎間孔手術。

　　In general, various types of lumbar disc herniation, discogenic low back pain, lumbar spinal stenosis, and lumbar spondylolisthesis with root symptom as the main disease are all suitable for intervertebral foramen surgery. In particular, some elderly patients with a variety of diseases can not have general anesthesia or open surgery, but can choose intervertebral foramen surgery. In addition, with the development of intervertebral foramen apparatus and technology, the indications of intervertebral foramen surgery are also expanding. At present, some patients with cervical spondylosis with thoracic spinal stenosis can also try intervertebral foramen surgery.

　　3.哪些病人不能進行椎間孔手術？

　　3. Which patients can't have intervertebral foramen surgery?

　　一般來說，腰椎不穩畸形患者不適合椎間孔手術。

　　In general, patients with lumbar instability are not suitable for foraminal surgery.

　　4.椎間孔鏡手術前應做哪些準備？

　　4. What preparations should be made before the operation?

　　如果患者符合椎間孔內鏡手術指征，術前應進行常規檢查，包括血常規檢查、生化檢查、凝血功能檢查和腰椎X線前后位、腰椎CT、磁共振成像。如有必要，應添加動態射線照片。一些老年患者還應接受心臟彩色多普勒超聲、下肢血管超聲、呼吸功能檢查，以一些重要器官功能的問題。

　　If the patient meets the indications of endoscopic surgery, routine examination should be carried out before operation, including blood routine examination, biochemical examination, coagulation function examination, lumbar X-ray anteroposterior, lumbar CT and MRI. If necessary, dynamic radiographs should be added. Some elderly patients should also receive color Doppler echocardiography, lower extremity vascular ultrasound, respiratory function tests to eliminate some important organ function problems.

　　以上是關于椎間孔鏡的介紹注意事項和術前準備，由內窺鏡設備維修友情整理提供，想要了解更多，歡迎咨詢網站官網http://www.veeker.xyz。

　　The above is about the precautions and preparation of the intervertebral foramen, which is provided by the endoscope equipment maintenance. If you want to know more, please consult the website http://www.veeker.xyz 。