硬管內窺鏡主要由光學成像系統和照明系統組成。光學部分外面是一根細長的金屬管，里面是由許多透鏡組成的完整光學系統。光學成像系統由物鏡系統、圖像中繼系統和目鏡系統三大系統組成。

Hard tube endoscope is mainly composed of optical imaging system and lighting system. Outside the optical part is a slender metal tube, and inside is a complete optical system composed of many lenses. The optical imaging system consists of objective lens system, image relay system and eyepiece system.

被觀察物體的倒像由物鏡形成，倒像通過圖像中繼系統轉換為正像，然后傳輸到目鏡，再由目鏡放大供人觀察眼睛。為了形成不同的視角，需要添加不同的棱鏡。

The inverted image of the observed object is formed by the objective lens. The inverted image is converted into a positive image through the image relay system, and then transmitted to the eyepiece, which is enlarged by the eyepiece for human observation. In order to form different perspectives, different prisms need to be added.

不同用途的內窺鏡根據使用要求制成不同的形狀、外徑和長度，以滿足使用要求。照明傳輸系統由光纖組成，將冷光源的光通過光纖傳輸到內窺鏡前端，照亮被觀察物體。

Endoscopes for different purposes are made into different shapes, outer diameters and lengths according to the use requirements to meet the use requirements. The lighting transmission system is composed of optical fiber, which transmits the light of cold light source to the front end of endoscope through optical fiber to illuminate the observed object.

隨著硬鏡使用范圍的擴大，各種醫生使用硬鏡的頻率越來越高。剛性內窺鏡是比較精密的醫療器械，但只要使用和維護得當，損壞是可以避免的。

With the expansion of the scope of use of hard mirrors, various doctors use hard mirrors more and more frequently. Rigid endoscope is a relatively precise medical device, but as long as it is used and maintained properly, the damage can be avoided.

內窺鏡維修人員認為，硬管內窺鏡使用后應沖洗干凈，水漬應擦干。硬管內窺鏡應由專人保管在專柜內，放入專用箱內，內襯軟海綿或聚氨酯泡沫塑料。

The endoscope maintenance personnel believe that the hard tube endoscope should be washed clean after use, and the water stains should be wiped dry. The hard tube endoscope shall be kept in a special cabinet by a specially assigned person and placed in a special box lined with soft sponge or polyurethane foam.

所有硬管內窺鏡和手術器械應堆放整齊，不得相互重疊放置。確保蓋子關閉后，內部的內窺鏡和器械在運輸過程中不會相互碰撞。硬管內窺鏡在托盤等硬質容器中移動時，注意與其他器械分開放置，不要過度碰撞，以免與內窺鏡發生碰撞。

All rigid tube endoscopes and surgical instruments shall be stacked neatly without overlapping each other. Ensure that the internal endoscope and instrument will not collide with each other during transportation after the cover is closed. When the hard tube endoscope moves in the tray and other hard containers, pay attention to placing it separately from other instruments, and do not collide excessively to avoid collision with the endoscope.

取出或放置硬性內窺鏡時，應雙手平放，輕拿輕放。由于內窺鏡的鏡筒很細，在受到擠壓、碰撞、彎曲、跌落等情況下會彎曲變形，導致鏡片損壞或光軸偏移，導致圖像不清晰或無法使用使用，所以把它從盒子里拿出來。或者在放置硬管內窺鏡時，應雙手輕輕取出或放入，切勿抬起拉出。

When taking out or placing the rigid endoscope, put it flat with both hands and handle it gently. Because the barrel of the endoscope is very thin, it will bend and deform under extrusion, collision, bending, falling, etc., resulting in lens damage or optical axis offset, resulting in unclear image or inability to use, so take it out of the box. Or when placing the hard tube endoscope, gently take it out or put it in with both hands, and do not lift it out.

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